Please note that the steps show rounded numbers, but that the final answers to the problems are calculated without rounding.
| Problem | Part | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | Design the Study - State a research question, what needs to be done to answer the research question. What is the population? What kind of data needs to be collected? |
| 1 | B | Collect Data - How is the sample collected, and going out to actually obtain the data? |
| 1 | C | Describe the Data - Creating graphs or calculating statistics to help visualize and describe the data. |
| 1 | D | Make Inferences - Using the information contained in a sample to draw conclusions about a population. |
| 1 | E | Take Action - Determine which action to take based on the results of the study. |
| 2 | A | c- Simple Random Sample (SRS) |
| 2 | B | a - Stratified Sampling |
| 2 | C | b - Systematic Sampling |
| 2 | D | d - Cluster Sampling |
| 3 | - | Experiment - Researchers control the conditions under which measurements are made. Observational Study - Researchers simply observe what happens without controlling the conditions under which measurements are made. Treatment - The new or experimental condition that is imposed on the subjects. Response Variable - The variable that changes or responds to the treatment. Subjects - Participants in a study |
| 4 | - | The Null Hypothesis (\(H_0\)) is the foundational assumption about the population, the ‘status quo’ The Alternative Hypothesis (\(H_a\)) is the statement of what is true if the null hypothesis is rejected. It is also a statement about the population. |
| 5 | - | P-Value: The probability that a result will be observed that is as extreme or more extreme than the information observed, assuming that that the null hypothesis is true. |
| 6 | A | Convenience Sampling |
| 6 | B | Systematic Sampling |
| 6 | C | Simple Random Sampling |
| 6 | D | Stratified Sampling |
| 6 | E | Cluster Sampling |
| 7 | A | Cluster Sampling |
| 7 | B | Simple Random Sampling |
| 7 | C | Stratified Sampling |
| 7 | D | Systematic Sampling |
| 8 | A | Observational Study |
| 8 | B | Experimental Design Response Variable - Hours of sleep they get in a week Treatment - Sleepeze or placebo Subjects - 1,000 insomnia patients |
| 9 | A | Designed Experiment |
| 9 | B | 224 patients diagnosed with skin irritations |
| 9 | C | The degree of skin irritations observed in the patients |
| 9 | D | 0.5% cream, 1% cream, and placebo |